New Zealand Based Individual Nicotine Replacement Therapy...

The following literature review will be focussed on both New Zealand-based individual nicotine replacement therapy and population level tobacco taxation attempts in addressing nicotine addiction through tobacco (cigarette) smoking. It will achieve this through special focus on ethnic minority groups such as MÄ ori and Pacific Island populations, as well as low socio-economic populations who engage in smoking cigarettes and are affected disproportionally. Through this, the review will aim to describe and explain the addiction, as well as its’ impact on society. It will also critically evaluate the limitations and effectiveness of past responses and interventions that have been implemented to reduce the prevalence of addicted smokers in New Zealand. Through the analysis of literature, one can determine the history of nicotine dependence and past interventions to address the issue, in order to examine the effectiveness of specific individual and population-based interventions. Likewise, literature highlights the effects on the individual user as well as wider society and presents an over-arching issue of ethnic disparities of prevalence and widening affects on inequality gaps between minority groups such as MÄ ori and Pacific populations compared to European groups. European settlers introduced tobacco to the MÄ ori early during colonization throughout the 1800’s, where it was a common trade commodity and negative impacts on health were unknown, it is likely that this is theShow MoreRelatedHealth Promotion Interventions Essay1300 Words   |  6 Pagesnursing profession is one of the largest health care professions, providing important opportunities for health promotion with potential to reform health at the legislativ e level. Health promotion is defined by Kreuter and Devore (1980) as, â€Å"the process of advocating health in order to enhance the probability that person (individual, family, and community), private (professional and business), and public (federal, state, and local government) support of positive health practices will become a societalRead MoreDeveloping A Critical Evaluation Of Tobacco Control Policy2191 Words   |  9 Pagesevaluation of tobacco control policy in Australia. It will review and describe some of the various governmental policies on tobacco, and discuss evidence that shows the impact of these policies. 1.2 Methodology Desk research was conducted by accessing relevant governmental and Commonwealth websites for legislative requirements. Information about public and private external organisations was gathered by internet research, not using specific data bank. 2.0 Tobacco control policies in Australia Tobacco smokingRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 PagesUniversity of Shefï ¬ eld in England, and ï ¬ nished his Ph.D. in statistics at Stanford University. He previously taught at the University of Florida and at Oberlin College and has had visiting appointments at Stanford, Harvard, the University of Washington, and New York University. From 1998 to 2006, Jay served as Chair of the Statistics Department at California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo. The Statistics Department at Cal Poly has an international reputation for activities in statistics educationRead MoreGsk Annual Report 2010135604 Words   |  543 Pagesresults of current and anticipated products, sales efforts, expenses, the outcome of contingencies such as legal proceedings, and financial results. The Group undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Forward-l ooking statements involve inherent risks and uncertainties. The Group cautions investors that a number of important factors, including those in this document, could cause actual results to differ materiallyRead MoreAn Introduction to Hydrophonics and Controlled Environment Agriculture40110 Words   |  161 Pages1800’s – Commercial greenhouses expand in England, The Netherlands and the USA (primarily northeast and Midwest). Experiments were conducted on arc (England) and incandescent (USA) lamps for use in greenhouses (light needed in northern areas). *1904 – New thought: Greenhouse = Factory: Beverly T. Galloway, ...the time has come when the construction of glasshouses and the production of plants under glass are regarded much in the same light as the development of manufacturing interests in a large factory;Read MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesWorker? 6 How Technology Affects HRM Practices 6 Recruiting 7 Employee Selection 7 Training and Development 7 Ethics and Employee Rights 7 Motivating Knowledge Workers 7 Paying Employees Market Value 8 Communications 8 Decentralized Work Sites 8 Skill Levels 8 A Legal Concern 8 Employee Involvement 20 How Organizations Involve Employees 20 Employee Involvement Implications for HRM 20 Other HRM Challenges 21 Recession 21 Off Shoring 21 Mergers 22 A Look at Ethics 22 Summary 23 Demonstrating Comprehension: